A. pine seedlings only. Incorrect. According to Figure 1, 80 years after abandonment, the land contained a pine forest. Since a pine forest includes mature pine trees, answer A is incorrect.
B. oak-hickory hardwood forests only. Incorrect. According to Figure 1, oak-hickory hardwood forests do not begin to appear until 100 years after abandonment. Therefore they would not be present 80 years after abandonment.
C. early invading species like horseweed, aster, and broomsedge. Incorrect. According to Figure 1, early invading species like horseweed, aster, and broomsedge begin to appear in the first few years following abandonment. However, they disappear by Year 25. Therefore they would not be present 80 years after abandonment.
D. large pine trees with an understory of hardwood trees. Correct. According to Figure 1, 80 years after abandonment, a pine forest existed on the abandoned land and a hardwood understory was also present. Thus, D is the correct answer.

F. 3,000 trees per unit area. Incorrect. According to Figure 3, the oak-hickory trees reach a density of 3,000 trees per unit area when the stand is approximately 90 years old. After 90 years, the density continues to increase, reaching a density of approximately 15,000 trees per unit area at Year 150.
G. 5,000 trees per unit area. Incorrect. According to Figure 3, the oak-hickory trees reach a density of 5,000 trees per unit area when the stand is approximately 110 years old. After 110 years, the density continues to increase, reaching a density of approximately 15,000 trees per unit area at Year 150.
H. 15,000 trees per unit area. Correct. According to Figure 3, the oak-hickory trees reach a density of 13,000 trees per unit area after approximately 150 years and a density of 15,000 trees per unit area after approximately 160 years. Thus, C is the correct answer.
J. 20,000 trees per unit area. Incorrect. According to Figure 3, the oak-hickory trees do not reach a density of 20,000 trees until approximately Year 190.

A. increases, the density of the oak-hickory trees increases. Incorrect. Figure 3 indicates that after 100 years, the density of pine trees steadily decreases from approximately 3,500 trees per unit area at Year 100 to approximately 750 pine trees per unit area by Year 200.
B. increases, the density of the oak-hickory trees decreases. Incorrect. Figure 3 indicates that after 100 years, the density of pine trees steadily decreases from approximately 3,500 trees per unit area at Year 100 to approximately 750 pine trees per unit area by Year 200.
C. decreases, the density of the oak-hickory trees increases. Correct. Figure 3 indicates that after 100 years, the density of pine trees steadily decreases from approximately 3,500 trees per unit area at Year 100 to approximately 750 pine trees per unit area by Year 200. Likewise, Figure 3 indicates that after 100 years, the density of oak-hickory trees steadily increases from approximately 4,000 trees per unit area to approximately 22,000 trees per unit area by Year 200. Thus, C is correct.
D. decreases, the density of the oak-hickory trees decreases. Incorrect. Figure 3 indicates that after 100 years, the density of oak-hickory trees steadily increases from approximately 4,000 trees per unit area to approximately 22,000 trees per unit area by Year 200.

F. Succession in an abandoned cornfield begins on bare rock. Incorrect. Figure 1 indicates that succession in an abandoned cornfield begins in a bare field, not on a bare rock.
G. Succession is characterized by the replacement of one plant community by another until a climax community has been achieved. Correct. According to Figure 1, over time, the community type changes from a grassland community to a grass-shrub community to a pine forest community and finally to an oak-hickory forest climax. Therefore, based on the information in Figure 1, succession is characterized by the replacement of one plant community by another and this process generally results in the development of an oak-hickory forest climax community.
H. The height of the plants in the communities decreases as succession progresses to the climax stage. Incorrect. Figure 1 does not indicate the height of the plants that are found in the various communities. The picture accompanying the graph suggests, however, that the height of the plants in the communities actually increases.
J. The plant species change continuously during succession, but the change is more rapid in the later stages than in the earlier stages. Incorrect. Figure 1 does indicate that the plant species change continuously during succession, however the figure also indicates that the change is more rapid in the early stages than in the later stages. For example, within the first 25 years, crabgrass, horseweed, aster, and broomsedge appear and then are replaced by shrubs. However, the community continues to be dominated by oak-hickory trees for the last 50 years shown in the figure. 

A. horseweed only. Incorrect. According to Figure 2, horseweed is only present during Year 1. Thus, horseweed does not show a progressive increase in summed diameter over time.
B. broomsedge only. Correct. According to Figure 2, at Year 0 broomsedge is not present. At the end of Year 1, broomsedge has a summed diameter of less than one inch. At the end of Year 2, broomsedge has a summed diameter of approximately 2.5 inches. At the end of Year 3, broomsedge has a summed diameter of approximately 7.0 inches. Thus, there is a progressive increase in the summed diameter of stems per unit area over time.
C. aster and broomsedge only. Incorrect. From Year 0 to Year 2, aster does show a progressive increase in the summed diameter of stems per unit area. However, between Year 2 and Year 3, there is a decline in the summed diameter of stems per unit area for aster.
D. horseweed, aster, and broomsedge. Incorrect. Neither horseweed nor aster is correct. Horseweed is present only at Year 1. Aster shows a decline in the summed diameter of stems per unit area between Year 2 and Year 3.

Writing Details
The ACT Plus Writing is available on all national test dates, on two international test dates, and for special and arranged testing during designated two-week testing windows.

What colleges have decided about the Writing Test
Some colleges require the Writing Test; others do not. Most colleges will accept scores from the Writing Test even if they do not require it.
You should decide whether to take the Writing Test based on the requirements of the institutions to which you are applying. Check directly with the institutions you are considering to find out their requirements, or ask your high school counselor which test option you should take. What does it cost?
The ACT Plus Writing is currently $44.50 (but check their website to verify). This includes score reports for up to four college choices.  The basic fee for the ACT if you don't take the Writing Test is $30.00 ($14.50 less).
The Writing Test is a 30-minute essay test that measures your writing skills-specifically those writing skills emphasized in high school English classes and in entry-level college composition courses

The test consists of one writing prompt that will define an issue and describe two points of view on that issue. You are asked to respond to a question about your position on the issue described in the writing prompt. In doing so, you may adopt one or the other of the perspectives described in the prompt, or you may present a different point of view on the issue. Your score will not be affected by the point of view you take on the issue.